Mix brown sugar, pepper, salt, garlic powder, mustard powder, ground ginger, onion powder, red pepper flakes, cayenne pepper, cumin, paprika, and thyme in a bowl. Rub spice mixture over pork loin and wrap tightly in plastic wrap.
Mix paprika, brown sugar, salt, garlic powder, black pepper, chili powder, cayenne pepper, onion powder, ground chipotle chile pepper, cumin, and mustard powder together in a bowl.